High levels of LDL cholesterol are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The balance between HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol is also considered, often described as the HDL:LDL ratio.
When the cholesterol ratio is high and other cardiovascular risk factors are present (including obesity, family history, and smoking), an LDL-C level of 2.0 mmol/L is commonly used as a target. A reduction of around 30% from a current LDL level is also often viewed as a meaningful improvement.
For people not considered at high risk of cardiovascular disease, there is no single official LDL target, although an LDL level below 3.0 mmol/L is generally described as desirable.
Dietary patterns are often discussed in relation to LDL cholesterol, including lower saturated fat intake and higher intake of foods linked with lower LDL levels. Foods commonly mentioned include vegetables, oats, soya, and nuts. Exercise and weight loss are also associated with lower LDL cholesterol levels. Statins may be prescribed when dietary changes are not effective; these medicines are well established, proven to be effective, and have a low rate of side effects.